fix(vector_stores): handle vector=None in Milvus and Qdrant update methods (#4568)

Co-authored-by: utkarsh240799 <utkarsh240799@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

mem0/vector_stores/milvus.py

@@ -181,6 +181,17 @@ class MilvusDB(VectorStoreBase):
             vector (List[float], optional): Updated vector.
             payload (Dict, optional): Updated payload.
         """
+        if vector is None or payload is None:
+            existing = self.client.get(collection_name=self.collection_name, ids=vector_id)
+            if not existing:
+                raise ValueError(f"Vector with id {vector_id} not found in collection {self.collection_name}")
+            if vector is None:
+                vector = existing[0].get("vectors")
+                if vector is None:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Existing record {vector_id} has no vector data")
+            if payload is None:
+                payload = existing[0].get("metadata")
+
         schema = {"id": vector_id, "vectors": vector, "metadata": payload}
         self.client.upsert(collection_name=self.collection_name, data=schema)
 

mem0/vector_stores/qdrant.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from qdrant_client.models import (
     MatchValue,
     PointIdsList,
     PointStruct,
+    PointVectors,
     Range,
     VectorParams,
 )
@@ -326,8 +327,21 @@ class Qdrant(VectorStoreBase):
             vector (list, optional): Updated vector. Defaults to None.
             payload (dict, optional): Updated payload. Defaults to None.
         """
-        point = PointStruct(id=vector_id, vector=vector, payload=payload)
-        self.client.upsert(collection_name=self.collection_name, points=[point])
+        if vector is not None and payload is not None:
+            point = PointStruct(id=vector_id, vector=vector, payload=payload)
+            self.client.upsert(collection_name=self.collection_name, points=[point])
+        else:
+            if payload is not None:
+                self.client.set_payload(
+                    collection_name=self.collection_name,
+                    payload=payload,
+                    points=[vector_id],
+                )
+            if vector is not None:
+                self.client.update_vectors(
+                    collection_name=self.collection_name,
+                    points=[PointVectors(id=vector_id, vector=vector)],
+                )
 
     def get(self, vector_id: int) -> dict:
         """

tests/vector_stores/test_milvus.py

@@ -233,6 +233,75 @@ class TestMilvusDB:
         assert parsed[1].id == "mem2"
         assert parsed[1].score == 0.85
 
+    def test_update_with_none_vector_fetches_existing(self, milvus_db, mock_milvus_client):
+        """Test that update with vector=None fetches the existing vector (fixes #3708)."""
+        vector_id = "test_id"
+        existing_vector = [0.5] * 1536
+        payload = {"user_id": "alice", "data": "Updated memory"}
+
+        mock_milvus_client.get.return_value = [
+            {"id": vector_id, "vectors": existing_vector, "metadata": {"user_id": "alice"}}
+        ]
+
+        milvus_db.update(vector_id=vector_id, vector=None, payload=payload)
+
+        mock_milvus_client.get.assert_called_once_with(
+            collection_name="test_collection", ids=vector_id
+        )
+        call_args = mock_milvus_client.upsert.call_args
+        assert call_args[1]['data']['vectors'] == existing_vector
+        assert call_args[1]['data']['metadata'] == payload
+
+    def test_update_with_none_payload_fetches_existing(self, milvus_db, mock_milvus_client):
+        """Test that update with payload=None fetches the existing metadata."""
+        vector_id = "test_id"
+        vector = [0.1] * 1536
+        existing_metadata = {"user_id": "alice", "data": "Original"}
+
+        mock_milvus_client.get.return_value = [
+            {"id": vector_id, "vectors": [0.5] * 1536, "metadata": existing_metadata}
+        ]
+
+        milvus_db.update(vector_id=vector_id, vector=vector, payload=None)
+
+        call_args = mock_milvus_client.upsert.call_args
+        assert call_args[1]['data']['vectors'] == vector
+        assert call_args[1]['data']['metadata'] == existing_metadata
+
+    def test_update_with_both_none_fetches_existing(self, milvus_db, mock_milvus_client):
+        """Test that update with both vector=None and payload=None fetches existing data."""
+        vector_id = "test_id"
+        existing_vector = [0.5] * 1536
+        existing_metadata = {"user_id": "alice"}
+
+        mock_milvus_client.get.return_value = [
+            {"id": vector_id, "vectors": existing_vector, "metadata": existing_metadata}
+        ]
+
+        milvus_db.update(vector_id=vector_id, vector=None, payload=None)
+
+        # Should only call get once even though both are None
+        assert mock_milvus_client.get.call_count == 1
+        call_args = mock_milvus_client.upsert.call_args
+        assert call_args[1]['data']['vectors'] == existing_vector
+        assert call_args[1]['data']['metadata'] == existing_metadata
+
+    def test_update_with_none_vector_raises_on_missing_record(self, milvus_db, mock_milvus_client):
+        """Test that update raises ValueError when the record doesn't exist."""
+        mock_milvus_client.get.return_value = []
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not found"):
+            milvus_db.update(vector_id="nonexistent", vector=None, payload={"data": "test"})
+
+    def test_update_with_none_vector_raises_on_missing_vector_data(self, milvus_db, mock_milvus_client):
+        """Test that update raises ValueError when existing record has no vector."""
+        mock_milvus_client.get.return_value = [
+            {"id": "test_id", "vectors": None, "metadata": {"user_id": "alice"}}
+        ]
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no vector data"):
+            milvus_db.update(vector_id="test_id", vector=None, payload={"data": "test"})
+
     def test_collection_already_exists(self, mock_milvus_client):
         """Test that existing collection is not recreated."""
         mock_milvus_client.has_collection.return_value = True

tests/vector_stores/test_qdrant.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from qdrant_client.models import (
     MatchValue,
     PointIdsList,
     PointStruct,
+    PointVectors,
     Range,
     VectorParams,
 )
@@ -232,6 +233,43 @@ class TestQdrant(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(point.vector, updated_vector)
         self.assertEqual(point.payload, updated_payload)
 
+    def test_update_with_none_vector_uses_set_payload(self):
+        """Test that update with vector=None uses set_payload instead of upsert (fixes #3708)."""
+        vector_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        updated_payload = {"key": "updated_value"}
+
+        self.qdrant.update(vector_id=vector_id, vector=None, payload=updated_payload)
+
+        self.client_mock.upsert.assert_not_called()
+        self.client_mock.set_payload.assert_called_once_with(
+            collection_name="test_collection",
+            payload=updated_payload,
+            points=[vector_id],
+        )
+
+    def test_update_with_none_payload_uses_update_vectors(self):
+        """Test that update with payload=None uses update_vectors instead of upsert."""
+        vector_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        updated_vector = [0.2, 0.3]
+
+        self.qdrant.update(vector_id=vector_id, vector=updated_vector, payload=None)
+
+        self.client_mock.upsert.assert_not_called()
+        self.client_mock.update_vectors.assert_called_once_with(
+            collection_name="test_collection",
+            points=[PointVectors(id=vector_id, vector=updated_vector)],
+        )
+
+    def test_update_with_both_none_is_noop(self):
+        """Test that update with both vector=None and payload=None is a no-op."""
+        vector_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+        self.qdrant.update(vector_id=vector_id, vector=None, payload=None)
+
+        self.client_mock.upsert.assert_not_called()
+        self.client_mock.set_payload.assert_not_called()
+        self.client_mock.update_vectors.assert_not_called()
+
     def test_get(self):
         vector_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
         self.client_mock.retrieve.return_value = [{"id": vector_id, "payload": {"key": "value"}}]